Verification Academy

Search form

My Account Menu

  • Register
  • Log In
  • Topics
  • Courses
  • Forums
  • Patterns Library
  • Cookbooks
  • Events
  • More
  • All Topics
    The Verification Academy offers users multiple entry points to find the information they need. One of these entry points is through Topic collections. These topics are industry standards that all design and verification engineers should recognize. While we continue to add new topics, users are encourage to further refine collection information to meet their specific interests.
    • Languages & Standards

      • Portable Test and Stimulus
      • Functional Safety
      • Design & Verification Languages
    • Methodologies

      • UVM - Universal Verification Methodology
      • UVM Framework
      • UVM Connect
      • FPGA Verification
      • Coverage
    • Techniques & Tools

      • Verification IQ
      • Verification IP
      • Static-Based Techniques
      • Simulation-Based Techniques
      • Planning, Measurement, and Analysis
      • Formal-Based Techniques
      • Debug
      • Acceleration
  • All Courses
    The Verification Academy is organized into a collection of free online courses, focusing on various key aspects of advanced functional verification. Each course consists of multiple sessions—allowing the participant to pick and choose specific topics of interest, as well as revisit any specific topics for future reference. After completing a specific course, the participant should be armed with enough knowledge to then understand the necessary steps required for maturing their own organization’s skills and infrastructure on the specific topic of interest. The Verification Academy will provide you with a unique opportunity to develop an understanding of how to mature your organization’s processes so that you can then reap the benefits that advanced functional verification offers.
    • Universal Verification Methodology (UVM)

      • Introduction to UVM
      • UVM Basics
      • Advanced UVM
      • UVM Connect
      • UVM Debug
      • UVMF - One Bite at a Time
    • Featured Courses

      • Introduction to ISO 26262
      • Introduction to DO-254
      • Clock-Domain Crossing Verification
      • Portable Stimulus Basics
      • Power Aware CDC Verification
      • Power Aware Verification
      • SystemVerilog OOP for UVM Verification
    • Additional Courses

      • Assertion-Based Verification
      • An Introduction to Unit Testing with SVUnit
      • Evolving FPGA Verification Capabilities
      • Metrics in SoC Verification
      • SystemVerilog Testbench Acceleration
      • Testbench Co-Emulation: SystemC & TLM-2.0
      • Verification Planning and Management
      • VHDL-2008 Why It Matters
    • Formal-Based Techniques

      • Formal Assertion-Based Verification
      • Formal-Based Technology: Automatic Formal Solutions
      • Formal Coverage
      • Getting Started with Formal-Based Technology
      • Handling Inconclusive Assertions in Formal Verification
      • Sequential Logic Equivalence Checking
    • Analog/Mixed Signal

      • AMS Design Configuration Schemes
      • Improve AMS Verification Performance
      • Improve AMS Verification Quality
  • All Forum Topics
    The Verification Community is eager to answer your UVM, SystemVerilog and Coverage related questions. We encourage you to take an active role in the Forums by answering and commenting to any questions that you are able to.
    • UVM Forum

      • Active Questions
      • Solutions
      • Replies
      • No Replies
      • Search
      • UVM Forum
    • SystemVerilog Forum

      • Active Questions
      • Solutions
      • Replies
      • No Replies
      • Search
      • SystemVerilog Forum
    • Coverage Forum

      • Active Questions
      • Solutions
      • Replies
      • No Replies
      • Search
      • Coverage Forum
    • Additional Forums

      • Announcements
      • Downloads
      • OVM Forum
  • Patterns Library
    The Verification Academy Patterns Library contains a collection of solutions to many of today's verification problems. The patterns contained in the library span across the entire domain of verification (i.e., from specification to methodology to implementation—and across multiple verification engines such as formal, simulation, and emulation).
    • Implementation Patterns

      • Environment Patterns
      • Stimulus Patterns
      • Analysis Patterns
      • All Implementation Patterns
    • Specification Patterns

      • Occurrence Property Patterns
      • Order Property Patterns
      • All Specification Patterns
    • Pattern Resources

      • Start Here - Patterns Library Overview
      • Whitepaper - Taking Reuse to the Next Level
      • Verification Horizons - The Verification Academy Patterns Library
      • Contribute a Pattern to the Library
  • All Cookbooks
    Find all the methodology you need in this comprehensive and vast collection. The UVM and Coverage Cookbooks contain dozens of informative, executable articles covering all aspects of UVM and Coverage.
    • UVM Cookbook

      • UVM Basics
      • Testbench Architecture
      • DUT-Testbench Connections
      • Configuring a Test Environment
      • Analysis Components & Techniques
      • End Of Test Mechanisms
      • Sequences
      • The UVM Messaging System
      • Other Stimulus Techniques
      • Register Abstraction Layer
      • Testbench Acceleration through Co-Emulation
      • Debug of SV and UVM
      • UVM Connect - SV-SystemC interoperability
      • UVM Versions and Compatibility
      • UVM Cookbook
    • Coding Guidelines & Deployment

      • Code Examples
      • UVM Verification Component
      • Package/Organization
      • Questa/Compiling UVM
      • SystemVerilog Guidelines
      • SystemVerilog Performance Guidelines
      • UVM Guidelines
      • UVM Performance Guidelines
    • Coverage Cookbook

      • Introduction
      • What is Coverage?
      • Kinds of Coverage
      • Specification to Testplan
      • Testplan to Functional Coverage
      • Bus Protocol Coverage
      • Block Level Coverage
      • Datapath Coverage
      • SoC Coverage Example
      • Requirements Writing Guidelines
      • Coverage Cookbook
  • All Events
    No one argues that the challenges of verification are growing exponentially. What is needed to meet these challenges are tools, methodologies and processes that can help you transform your verification environment. These recorded seminars from Verification Academy trainers and users provide examples for adoption of new technologies and how to evolve your verification process.
    • Featured & On-Demand

      • Continuous Integration - March 28th
      • Questa Verification IQ - April 11th
      • SystemVerilog Assertions
      • SoC Design & Functional Safety Flow
      • 2022 Functional Verification Study
      • Design Solutions as a Sleep Aid
      • CDC and RDC Assist
      • Formal and the Next Normal
      • Protocol and Memory Interface Verification
      • Webinar Calendar
    • On-Demand Library

      • Practical Flows for Continuous Integration
      • Lint vs Formal AutoCheck
      • The Three Pillars of Intent-Focused Insight
      • Formal Verification Made Easy
      • Fix FPGA Failures Faster
      • HPC Protocols & Memories
      • FPGA Design Challenges
      • High Defect Coverage
      • The Dog ate my RTL
      • Questa Lint & CDC
      • Complex Safety Architectures
      • Data Independence and Non-Determinism
      • Hierarchical CDC+RDC
      • All On-Demand Recordings
    • Recording Archive

      • Aerospace & Defense Tech Day
      • Exhaustive Scoreboarding
      • Improving Initial RTL Quality
      • CDC Philosophy
      • Hardware Emulation Productivity
      • Visualizer Debug Environment
      • Preparing for PCIe 6.0: Parts I & II
      • Automotive Functional Safety Forum
      • Siemens EDA Functional Verification
      • Improving Your SystemVerilog & UVM Skills
      • All Webinar Topics
    • Conferences & WRG

      • Industry Data & Surveys
      • DVCon 2023
      • DVCon 2022
      • DVCon 2021
      • Osmosis 2022
      • All Conferences
    • Siemens EDA Learning Center

      • SystemVerilog Fundamentals
      • SystemVerilog UVM
      • EDA Xcelerator Academy(Learning Services) Verification Training, Badging and Certification
      • View all Learning Paths
  • About Verification Academy
    The Verification Academy will provide you with a unique opportunity to develop an understanding of how to mature your organization's processes so that you can then reap the benefits that advanced functional verification offers.
    • Blog & News

      • Verification IQ
      • Verification Horizons Blog
      • Technical Resources
    • Verification Horizons Publication

      • Verification Horizons - March 2023
      • Verification Horizons - December 2022
      • Verification Horizons - July 2022
      • Issue Archive
    • About Us

      • Verification Academy Overview
      • Subject Matter Experts
      • Academy News
      • Contact Us
    • Training

      • Learning @OneGlance (PDF)
      • SystemVerilog & UVM Classes
      • Siemens EDA Classes
Ask a Question
SystemVerilog
  • Home
  • Forums
  • SystemVerilog
  • Driving output clockvars on clocking block event

Driving output clockvars on clocking block event

SystemVerilog 6318
Driving output ... 1
Have_A_Doubt
Have_A_Doubt
Forum Access
173 posts
February 02, 2023 at 8:44 am

Hi ,
I was trying the following code ::

 bit [6:0]  ip  = 1 ;
 
  bit [7:0]  op ;
 
  clocking cb @(posedge clk);
 
    default input #1 output #2; 
 
    output  op  ;              
 
    input   ip  ;               
 
  endclocking
 
   bit clk ;
 
  always #5 clk = ~clk;
 
   mult_if inf( clk );
 
   `define  TB_IF   inf.cb
 
   initial begin
 
      //  Drive  Exactly  on  1st  posedge  of  clk  !!
 
       @( cb ) ;
 
       cb.op <= cb.ip + 1 ;
 
       $display(" Output  clockvars  \"op\"  driven %0d  at  TIME : %2t " , ( cb.ip + 1 ) , $time );
 
   end
 
 
   always @( op )  $display(" Raw  Signal  \"op\"  changed  to  %2d  at  T:%2t " , op , $time );
 
   initial  #20  $finish() ;

How is it that the raw signal ' op ' is driven on same clocking event relative to output skew of #2 units i.e at time: 7 units?

By the time @( cb ) unblocks the posedge of clock has already occurred , so my expectation was it would be driven at next posedge of clock ( relative to output skew )
i.e at time 17 units .

Instead of @( cb ) if I were to write #5 OR @( posedge clk ) , I observe the same output i.e always block is triggered at time 7 units

I expected the behavior would be similar to :
Driving between 2 clocking events results in the output clockvar being driven at the next clocking event

Eg : If I were to drive at time 10 units , the raw signal would actually be driven on next posedge of clock at time : 17 units

Replies

Log In to Reply
ben@SystemVerilog.us
ben@SystemVerilog.us
Full Access
2600 posts
February 02, 2023 at 1:19 pm

In reply to Have_A_Doubt:

A related topic: SV: The best way to drive interface wires is to use clocking blocks.
Quote:
1800-2012 14.3 Clocking block declaration
* A clockvar whose clocking_direction is inout shall behave as if it were two clockvars, one input and one output, having the same name and the same clocking_signal.
* Reading the value of such an inout clockvar shall be equivalent to reading the corresponding input clockvar.
* Writing to such an inout clockvar shall be equivalent to writing to the corresponding output clockvar.
// Complete code example
https://lnkd.in/guZEy2St

// Original question:
https://lnkd.in/gzPP7VEe

Have_A_Doubt
Have_A_Doubt
Forum Access
173 posts
February 03, 2023 at 1:04 am

In reply to ben@SystemVerilog.us:

Hi Ben ,
Yes I do agree that using clocking blocks , net type can be driven procedurally through class type via a virtual interface .

However the confusion I have is regarding driving output clockvars on exactly the posedge of clk via any of the 3 ways above

Why is it being driven on same clocking event and not the next one since @( cb ) unblocks after posedge of clk occurs ( due to loopback from observed to active region )

I drive exactly on @( cb ) / @( posedge clk ) since my driver component would be

  seq_item_port.get_next_item( req );
 
  @( vif_intf.cb );
 
    vif_intf.output_clockvar  <=  req.property ;
 
    ...................

Solution

Solution

ben@SystemVerilog.us
ben@SystemVerilog.us
Full Access
2600 posts
February 03, 2023 at 12:14 pm

In reply to Have_A_Doubt:
In the model below, the input sampling and output delays are 2ns each.
ip=1 at 0ns, and 4 at 4ns. With a sampling of 2ns before the clocking event, ip is sampled at a value of 1 (and not the 4 that happened 1ns before the clock edge).
Simulation uses the value of ip at 2ns before the clock edge (i.e., the 1).
/* Output clockvars "op" driven 2 at TIME : 5
# Raw Signal "op" changed to 2 at T: 7
The way
I see it, the @(cb) is the posedge clk; the difference between that and @(posedge clk) is the sampling time of the inputs and the drive time of the outputs.
With the @(posedge clk) the value used for the input is whatever that the inputs have in the active region. The outputs occur in the Obseved region in the same time step.
BTW, I encourage you to read my paper Understanding Assertion Processing Within a Time Step,
This is coming up in the Feb 27, 2023 Horizons.

Image https://drive.google.com/file/d/1I7WImBzO3RuphgGmm9B8_E0rD60IGw-D/view?usp=sharing
Code https://www.edaplayground.com/x/SeZu

module m;
  bit [6:0] ip = 1;
  bit [7:0] op, op1;
  bit clk;
  always #5 clk = !clk;
 
  clocking cb @(posedge clk);
    default input #2 output #2;
    output op;
    input ip;
  endclocking
 
  initial begin
    #4 ip=4;
    //  Drive  Exactly  on  1st  posedge  of  clk  !!
    @(cb) cb.op <= cb.ip + 1;
    $display(" Output  clockvars  \"op\"  driven %0d  at  TIME : %2t ", (cb.ip + 1), $time);
  end
 
  always @(op) $display(" Raw  Signal  \"op\"  changed  to  %2d  at  T:%2t ", op, $time);
 
  initial begin
    $dumpfile("dump.vcd");
    $dumpvars;
    #20 $finish();
  end
endmodule
/* Output  clockvars  "op"  driven 2  at  TIME :  5 
  #  Raw  Signal  "op"  changed  to   2  at  T: 7   */ 

Ben Cohen
Have_A_Doubt
Have_A_Doubt
Forum Access
173 posts
March 01, 2023 at 10:37 am

In reply to ben@SystemVerilog.us:

I had missed out on the following lines from the LRM ::

Regardless of whether the synchronous drive takes effect on the current clocking event or at some future clocking event as a result of a cycle_delay, 
the corresponding signal shall be updated at a time after that clocking event as specified by the output skew.

This confirms that the raw signal is driven / updated at output skew units after the same clocking event i.e at time 7 units .

Siemens Digital Industries Software

Siemens Digital Industries Software

#TodayMeetsTomorrow

Portfolio

  • Cloud
  • Mendix
  • Electronic Design Automation
  • MindSphere
  • Design, Manufacturing and PLM Software
  • View all Portfolio

Explore

  • Community
  • Blog
  • Online Store

Siemens

  • About Us
  • Careers
  • Events
  • News and Press
  • Customer Stories
  • Partners
  • Trust Center

Contact

  • VA - Contact Us
  • PLM - Contact Us
  • EDA - Contact Us
  • Worldwide Offices
  • Support Center
  • Give us Feedback
© Siemens 2023
Terms of Use Privacy Statement Cookie Statement DMCA