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You can’t change the directionality of a port that has been defined in the interface declaration. In your example, clk is an input to bus_if and there is no mechanism to change this directionality.
I can’t find anything in the LRM that defines how clk will behave internal to the interface, but I would expect that you would have multiple drivers on clk, or you would get an error.
Three simulators on EDA Playground seem accepting of the code, but I didn’t check the behavior. One simulator gives an error regarding the mismatched directions.