In reply to UVM_LOVE:
“ref” means that you’re passing the data by reference. In C terms, you could consider this like passing a pointer to the variable instead of the value of the variable itself. When you need to pass a large data set into a function, using “ref” means that you’re not making copies of that data but letting the function operate on the original values instead. This can cause issues if you forget what “ref” is doing, of course, since this allows the function to modify the original values.